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Whether you're interpreting hemodynamic data at the bedside, reviewing cath lab reports, or studying cardiovascular physiology, this PVR calculator converts your pressure and flow measurements into a clear resistance value — in both dynes·sec·cm⁻⁵ and Wood units — so you can focus on clinical decision-making rather than mental math.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"What Is Pulmonary Vascular Resistance?","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"heading","version":1,"tag":"h2"},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Pulmonary vascular resistance measures how much the blood vessels in your lungs oppose blood flow from the right ventricle to the left atrium. 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Rising PVR may signal worsening pulmonary embolism, ARDS progression, or right ventricular decompensation.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Congenital Heart Disease:","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" In pediatric cardiology, PVR determines operability for patients with left-to-right shunts. If PVR has risen too high (Eisenmenger physiology), surgical repair may no longer be safe.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Factors That Affect PVR","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"heading","version":1,"tag":"h2"},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Several physiological and clinical factors can influence your PVR calculation:","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""},{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Hypoxia","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" is one of the most potent pulmonary vasoconstrictors. Low oxygen tension causes pulmonary arterioles to constrict (the opposite of systemic vessels), which raises PVR acutely.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"listitem","version":1,"value":1},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Lung volume","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" has a U-shaped relationship with PVR — resistance is lowest near functional residual capacity and increases at both very high and very low lung volumes.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"listitem","version":1,"value":2},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Acidosis","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" amplifies hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and independently increases PVR.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"listitem","version":1,"value":3},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Medications","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" including pulmonary vasodilators (nitric oxide, epoprostenol, sildenafil) lower PVR, while some vasopressors can increase it.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"listitem","version":1,"value":4},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Mechanical ventilation","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" settings — high PEEP and high tidal volumes can compress pulmonary vasculature and raise PVR.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"listitem","version":1,"value":5},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Cardiac output measurement method","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" — thermodilution and Fick can yield different CO values, which directly affects the calculated PVR. Thermodilution may underestimate CO in low-output states or with significant tricuspid regurgitation.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"listitem","version":1,"value":6}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"list","version":1,"listType":"bullet","start":1,"tag":"ul"},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Common Mistakes in PVR Calculation","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"heading","version":1,"tag":"h2"},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Using PCWP when it's unreliable:","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" In patients with mitral valve disease or elevated PEEP, the wedge pressure may not accurately reflect left atrial pressure. This makes the entire PVR calculation less reliable.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Ignoring the clinical context:","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" A PVR of 3 Wood units in a patient on high-dose vasodilators means something very different from the same PVR in an untreated patient. Always interpret PVR alongside the clinical picture and medication status.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""},{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":1,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Confusing units:","type":"text","version":1},{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":" Reporting \"PVR = 400\" without specifying dynes·sec·cm⁻⁵ versus Wood units is a surprisingly common documentation error that can lead to miscommunication between care teams.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}},"id":"69b46695d3f5e900041842b0"}]}]}],"$L34"]}],"$L35"]}]]}]}]}]
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34:["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-8","children":[["$","h2",null,{"className":"typo-large mb-6 text-mist-950","children":"Frequently Asked Questions"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"space-y-6","children":[["$","div","0",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"What is a normal pulmonary vascular resistance?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Normal PVR is less than 2 Wood units, or less than 160 dynes·sec·cm⁻⁵. In healthy individuals, pulmonary resistance is typically between 0.5 and 1.5 Wood units, reflecting the low-pressure, high-compliance nature of the pulmonary circulation.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}],["$","div","1",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"What's the difference between Wood units and dynes·sec·cm⁻⁵?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"They measure the same thing in different unit systems. Multiply Wood units by 80 to get dynes·sec·cm⁻⁵, or divide dynes by 80 to get Wood units. Wood units are more commonly used in clinical cardiology because the numbers are simpler to work with.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}],["$","div","2",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"When is PVR measured?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"PVR is measured during right heart catheterization (Swan-Ganz catheterization). Common indications include pulmonary hypertension evaluation, pre-transplant workup, unexplained dyspnea with suspected cardiac origin, and assessment of congenital heart disease.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}],["$","div","3",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"Can PVR be estimated without catheterization?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Echocardiography can provide estimates of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and some indirect indicators of PVR, but invasive catheterization remains the gold standard for accurate PVR measurement. Echo-derived estimates are useful for screening but shouldn't replace catheterization when precise PVR is needed for clinical decisions.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}],["$","div","4",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"What does an elevated PVR mean?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Elevated PVR indicates increased resistance to blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature. This can result from intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease (pulmonary arterial hypertension), chronic thromboembolic disease, lung parenchymal disease, left heart disease causing secondary pulmonary changes, or hypoxia-driven vasoconstriction.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}],"$L37","$L38","$L39"]}]]}]
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37:["$","div","5",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"What PVR level is too high for heart transplant?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Most transplant programs consider a PVR above 5 Wood units (400 dynes·sec·cm⁻⁵) that doesn't decrease with vasodilator testing a contraindication for orthotopic heart transplantation. Some programs use a PVR of 3 Wood units as the threshold for concern and initiate vasodilator challenge testing at that point.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}]
38:["$","div","6",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"How is cardiac output measured for PVR calculation?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Cardiac output is typically measured by thermodilution (injecting cold saline through a pulmonary artery catheter) or by the Fick method (using oxygen consumption and arteriovenous oxygen content difference). Thermodilution is more commonly used in clinical practice, while the Fick method may be preferred in low-output states or when tricuspid regurgitation is present.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}]
39:["$","div","7",{"className":"pb-6 last:pb-0","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-lg font-medium text-mist-950 mb-3","children":"Can PVR change over time?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"prose max-w-none text-mist-600","children":["$","$L31",null,{"content":{"root":{"children":[{"children":[{"detail":0,"format":0,"mode":"normal","style":"","text":"Yes. PVR can change acutely with oxygen supplementation, medications, fluid status, and ventilator adjustments. Chronically, PVR may decrease with targeted pulmonary hypertension therapy or increase with disease progression. Vasoreactivity testing during catheterization — typically with inhaled nitric oxide or IV epoprostenol — helps determine whether elevated PVR is reversible.","type":"text","version":1}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"paragraph","version":1,"textFormat":0,"textStyle":""}],"direction":null,"format":"","indent":0,"type":"root","version":1}}}]}]]}]